THP-1 Knockout Cell Line

A human leukemic cell line (THP-1) cultured from the blood of a boy with acute monocytic leukemia. Since its establishment in 1980, THP-1 cells have been widely used in the research of monocyte and macrophage related mechanisms, signaling pathways, nutrient and drug transportation. The morphological and functional characteristics of THP-1 are very similar to human primary monocytes (including cell differentiation markers). Compared with human peripheral blood monocytes (PBMC), THP-1 is easier to be cultured and has a more consistent background. Therefore, THP-1 is a commonly used acute monocytic leukemia cell line in various laboratories, and it is an ideal tool for studying immunity and inflammation.

Application of THP-1: macrophage and inflammation model

THP-1 can be differentiated into M1/M2 macrophages and release corresponding cytokines.

· M1 macrophage polarization：

THP-1 can be induced to differentiate into macrophages by Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), and then M1 polarization can be induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and IFN -γ, releasing TNF -α, IL-6 and other cytokines. This is a typical inflammatory model.

· M2 macrophage polarization：

M2 polarization can be induced by IL-4, IL-13 and macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF). TGF - β, IL-10 and other inhibitory cytokines can be released. This is similar to the process of tissue repair and reconstruction in the late stage of inflammation.

· Atherosclerotic inflammation model：

Under the action of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL), macrophages can further become foam cells. This is a pathological cell in atherosclerotic plaques and is a chronic inflammation model.

CRISPR-U™ for efficient gene editing in THP-1 cells

THP-1 is a near-tetraploid suspension cell, and the success rate of THP-1 is very low by conventional gene-editing methods. CRISPR/Cas9 is widely used to construct gene-editing THP-1 model because of its simple, high efficiency and low toxicity. CRISPR-U™, developed by Ubigene, is more efficient than general CRISPR/Cas9 in double-strand breaking, and CRISPR-U™ can greatly improve the efficiency of homologous recombination, easily achieve knockout (KO), point mutation (PM) and knockin (KI). Ubigene can customize the gene-editing THP-1 cell line and other monocytes that you are interested in, as well as generate various genes overexpression in THP-1 cell line.

THP-1 Cell Line Gene-editing Services：

Technical advantages

Exclusive innovation, 10 times more efficient in gene-editing.

Successfully edit genes on more than 100 types of cell lines.

Easily generate knockout (KO), point mutation (PM) and knockin (KI) in vitro and in vivo.

CRISPR-U™ offers a 100% mutation guarantee. No mutation, no charge!

Gene Knockout

Point mutation (PM)

CRISPR-U™ Point Mutation THP-1 Cell Line： THP-1 cell line would be efficiently co-transfected with gRNA, Cas9 and ssODN. After drug screening, single clones would be generated. Positive clones would be validated by sequencing.

· Disease model generation

ssODN carrying point mutaion which replaces the WT sequence by HDR.

· Disease model rescuing

ssODN carrying WT sequence which replaces the mutated site by HDR.

Case Study:

CRISPR/Cas9 mediated Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) THP-1 cell line model is helpful to develop better disease treatments

Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a rare X-linked genetic disease. Due to the mutation or deficient of CYBB gene, macrophages lack nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase, and cannot produce hydrogen peroxide to effectively kill the invading microorganisms. This usually leads to serious repeated infections caused by bacteria, fungi and other microorganisms. Some researchers used CRISPR/Cas9 technology to knockout CYBB gene and generate point mutation c.90c>G (found in a CGD patient) in THP-1 cells, and successfully constructed the CGD model. Compared with wild-type THP-1 cells, two KO clones (#3 and #27) and a point mutation clone (#2, c.90c > G) showed decrease in H2O2 level after PMA and LPS induction, and a significant increase in IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6 release, which was consistent with the behavior of macrophages in CGD.This CGD model provides a powerful tool for disease study and will help to develop better treatments.

Compared with wild-type THP-1 cells, two KO clones (#3 and #27) and a point mutation clone (#2, c.90c > G) showed decrease in H2O2 level after PMA and LPS induction, and a significant increase in IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6 release, which was consistent with the behavior of macrophages in CGD. This CGD model provides a powerful tool for disease study and will help to develop better treatments.

Reference：

Benyoucef A, Marchitto L, Touzot F. CRISPR gene-engineered CYBBko THP-1 cell lines highlight the crucial role of NADPH-induced reactive oxygen species for regulating inflammasome activation[J]. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 2020.

Gene knock in

Type	Strategy	Application
Short fragment removal	Guide RNAs target introns at both sides of exon 2 and the number of bases in exon 2 is not a multiple of 3, which can cause frame-shift mutation.	Study of gene function through gene defect
Frame-shift mutation	Guide RNA targets the exon, and the base number of deletion is not a multiple of 3. After knockout, frame-shift mutation would cause gene knockout.
Large fragment removal	Complete removal of the coding sequence to achieve gene knockout.

THP-1 Knockout Cell Line

Ubigene